Yarn Manufacturing & Processing

Ne 20/1 to Ne 40/1 for woven apparel (t-shirt weight 20-30s, shirting 40-60s, denim 6-12s). 20-30 Ne is most common for knit jersey. Specialty fabrics use finer or coarser counts.

Ring yarn is finer, stronger, more uniform. Rotor yarn is bulkier, more hair, lower cost. The choice depends on end-use and cost.

TM = TPM / sqrt(Ne). It normalizes twist to yarn count. Standard ranges: 3.5-4.0 for soft knitting, 4.0-4.5 for general weaving, 4.5-5.5 for hard-twist, 5-6 for sewing thread.

A measure of yarn mass variation along its length. Measured by Uster tester as CV% (coefficient of variation) or U%. Lower is better. Typical: 9-11% U for ring-spun cotton, 11-13% for rotor.

Single yarn: one strand of fibers. Ply yarn: two or more singles twisted together. Ply increases strength and evenness but reduces softness and increases cost. Common: 2-ply, 3-ply. Sewing thread is often 3-ply.